Moreover, amniotic fluid embolism-like syndrome has been reported to follow artificial abortion, transabdominal amniocentesis, manual removal of placenta, placenta percreta and others.ĪFE was first described in 1926 by Meyer, a Brazilian gynecologist, who detected morphotic elements of the amniotic fluid in the lungs of a dead parturient however, his observation remained unnoticed at that time. AFE takes place during or after labor (70% and 11%, respectively) and cesarean section (19%). This leads to life threatening complications, for both mother and child, such as cardiopulmonary collapse, often with cardiac arrest, hemorrhage with coagulopathy and multiorgan failure (adoult respiratory distress syndrome, ARDS, and others) in mother, and effects of severe asphyxia in child. (iii) Four subclasses of atypical AFE were distinguished on the basis of case reports: uterine hemorrhage-type of AFE, ARDS as the only presentation of atypical AFE, paradoxical AFE, and cesarean sectionrelated atypical AFEs.Īmniotic fluid embolism (AFE) (Latin: embolia liquore amniotico) is a rare, yet an extremely dangerous perinatal complication, caused by invasion of the amniotic fluid to the maternal circulation. (ii) Typical AFE is characterized by three clinical phases (cardiopulmonary collapse, clotting disorders and hemorrhages, multiorgan disturbances), whereas the atypical one shows lack of cardiopulmonary collapse as the initial presentation-the first to appear is obstetric hemorrhage and/or pulmonary and renal dysfunction. Results and Conclusions: (i) Worldwide, 447 cases of AFE have been reported, including 70 cases of atypical AFE (15.7%). Moreover, we looked through the articles from the period before “inception of Medline” to find 178 earlier case reports. The search produced 1127 articles, including 208 case reports of AFE and other publications identified as eligible for our study (11 review articles and 6 population-based studies of the last few years). Material and Methods: We searched Medline from 1969 (its inception) to 2011, using the key words “amniotic fluid embolism”. We also provide an outline of symptoms that characterize this type of AFE based on the analysis of all available case reports. In this paper, we put forward the hypothesis that this discrepancy is due to inaccurate diagnosis of non-classical form of AFE (atypical AFE). Received 4 December 2013 revised 28 December 2013 accepted 4 January 2014Īmniotic Fluid Embolism Mother Mortality Classification Presentationīackground/Aim: Recently, a comparative study on the incidence of AFE has highlighted rather confusing results, showing that the complication is more than three times higher in North America than that in some European countries. All Copyright © 2014 are guarded by law and by SCIRP as a guardian. In accordance of the Creative Commons Attribution License all Copyrights © 2014 are reserved for SCIRP and the owner of the intellectual property Waldemar Uszyński, Mieczysław Uszyński. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 2Department of Propedeutics of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, PolandĮmail: © 2014 Waldemar Uszyński, Mieczysław Uszyński.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |